Teaching Responsibility
LJMU Schools involved in Delivery:
LJMU Partner Taught
Learning Methods
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
Module Offerings
4504ICBTCE-APR-PAR
4504ICBTCE-JAN-PAR
4504ICBTCE-SEP_NS-PAR
Aims
To understand the principles land surveying and setting out: methods of obtaining orientation, the subsequent field measurements for the purpose of producing site drawings and hence the calculation of land areas and earthwork of volumes, setting out points using line-of-sight and satellite techniques, alongside an understanding of the software available.
To introduce methods of obtaining orientation and position by intersection and resection.
To demonstrate how total stations and GNSS receivers, can capture data for use in software packages to produce contoured plans, sections, areas and volumes.
Learning Outcomes
1.
Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of site surveying.
2.
Use a range of levels, tapes and total stations to determine distances, heights, angles and coordinates.
3.
Operate surveying instruments.
4.
Use gathered data to produce contour plans, longitudinal and cross sections, and to determine areas of land and volumes of earthworks.
5.
Use standard computer software packages to post-process survey data and deliver appropriate spatially referenced information.
Module Content
Outline Syllabus:The National Grid system of the Ordnance Survey and other coordinate systems. Standard maps and plans, scales and symbols. Linear measurement: errors in using steel tapes, change of standard length, semi-permanent adjustments to Electromagnetic Distance Measurement (EDM) instruments (for temperature, pressure, curvature of the Earth).
Safety and Risk Assessment in surveying operations.
Vertical Control: Set up, use and adjustment of levelling instruments. Ordnance. Bench Marks and weighting techniques. Accuracy checks. Ordnance Bench Mark (OBM), Temporary Bench Mark (TBM), levelling large areas (grid and radial methods), direct and indirect methods of contouring.
Applications: Computation and drawing of contours, longitudinal sections and cross sections. Determination of areas of land and volumes of earthworks.
Orientation and Position: Resection and intersection techniques.
Setting out: Field positioning of spiral transition curves and parabolic vertical curves on highways; the underground transfer of bearings for tunnels and pipelines. Control of spread of error (working from the whole to the point), procedure for coordinated setting out, appropriate accuracy, procedures and practices for setting out ground works, upper floors, road construction, drainage and sewerage works, embankments and cuttings.
Angular measurement: errors and methods for reducing errors, reduction of angular me accruement, horizontal and vertical angles, computation of true horizontal length (from slope distance and angle of inclination).
Distinction between open, link and closed traverse: traverse for area control, factors affecting choice of traverse stations, whole circle bearings, distinction between grid, true and magnetic north, coordinate system, Ordnance Survey (OS), grid references, angular closing error and correction, Bowditch correction for misclosure errors.
Electronic and laser instruments: electronic reading levels, electronic logging of field data, laser construction levels, laser alignment levels, EDMs, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), digital terrain modelling.
Raw data and translation for cartographic detail/setting out: levelling, plotting contours by graphic interpolation, plotting of cross-sections from contoured plans, area measurement (manual, mechanical, electronic methods),
Setting out: computation of deflection angles, distances for coordinated setting out.
Surveying computer software: software for capturing data in the field, dedicated software for setting out, built -in capabilities of total station instruments, commercial software and programmed spreadsheets to facilitate repetitive surveying calculations, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and OS digital data.
Assessments
Report
Exam