Course Catalogue

LJMU Partner Taught

The Students completing this course will understand basic analogue and digital electronics, including semiconductor properties, operational amplifiers, combinational and sequential logic and analogue-to-digital digital-to-analogue conversion techniques. Finally, students will gain experience in with the design of analogue amplifiers, power supplies and logic devices.

Outline Syllabus:1. SEMICONDUCTORS DEVICES. Solid State Physics. Mobility. Electrons and holes. The P-N junction. Diodes. Zener effect. Zener effect diode. Avalanche effect. Avalanche effect diode. Bipolar Transistors. PNP and NPN junctions. Base, collector and emitter. H parameters equivalent circuit. Common emitter amplifier. DC behaviour: the load slope and the Q point. AC behaviour. Emitter follower amplifier. Field effect transistors: JFET and MOSFET. Source, Drain and Gate. 2. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS: DC PERFORMANCE. The operational amplifier. Input resistance. Output resistance. Open loop gain. Bias currents. Offset currents. Offset voltage. Differential mode gain. Common mode gain. Common mode rejection ratio. Negative feedback. Open loop gain and closed loop gain. Inverter amplifier. Addition amplifier. Non-inverter amplifier. The voltage follower. Transimpedance amplifier (Current to voltage converter). Differential amplifier. 3. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS: AC AND TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE. Frequency response. Bode Plot. Stability. Differentiator amplifier. Integrator amplifier. 4. POWER SUPPLIES Rectification. Half wave and completed wave. Filters. The 78XX and 79XX family. 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES: PRINCIPLES. Numbering systems. Binary, octal and hexadecimal numbers. Boole algebra. Conversion and operations. AND gate. OR gate. Inverter. NAND gate. NOR gate. Exclusive OR gate. Morgan’s laws. Logic families. TTL and CMOS. 6. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES: COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS. Truth tables. Karnough’s diagram. Miniterm addition. Maxiterm product. Synthesis of combinational circuits. Logic comparators. Codifiers. Decodifiers. Multiplexers. 7. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES: SEQUENCIAL CIRCUITS. Monostable oscillator. Bistable oscillator. Astable oscillator. The MC555. The “Flip-Flop”. Flip Flop (FF) types: RS type. JK FF. JK FF Master slave. D FF. T FF. Level detector and slope detector. Counters. Shift registers. 8. DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS and ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS. Input latch. Binary Weighted Resistor Network. R-2R Ladder Resistor Network. Pulse Width Modulation. Sampling. Sampling frequency. Sampling theorem (Nyquist). Anti–aliasing filtering. Sampling and holding. Conversion. Quantification. Integrative Analog to Digital (A/D) conversion. The linear counting method. The successive approximation method.

Additional Information:Indicative Content and Learning Activities Digital Arithmetic Alternate number bases: binary, octal, hexadecimal. Base conversion. Binary arithmetic. Signed number representation. Logic circuits for addition and subtraction. Combinatorial Logic Basic Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and corresponding circuit elements. Boolean algebra. De Morgan's Laws. Further Boolean operators (XOR, NAND, NOR). Minimisation of logic functions using Boolean algebra and using Karnaugh maps, including 3-variable and 4-variable cases. Diode devices Semiconductor materials and properties. Forward/reverse bias pn junctions. Diode equation. Reverse breakdown and Zener diodes. Transistor devices Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and Field Effect Transistors (FET): MOSFET, JFET. FET. Sequential Logic Sequential logic elements including S-R, D, and J-K latches and flip-flops. Basic applications of flip-flops, including registers and counters. Analogue & Digital Introduction to the concepts of digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital conversion. This material also introduces the Arduino micro-controller and applies it to the task of A2D and D2A (PWM) conversion. The students perform an investigative laboratory on this topic. Reports are 2500 maximum word count. Examinations are 2 hour duration.