Teaching Responsibility
LJMU Schools involved in Delivery:
Nursing and Advanced Practice
Learning Methods
Lecture
Seminar
Tutorial
Module Offerings
7000NPAPP-JAN-CTY
Aims
1.To prepare health care professionals to prescribe, safely, appropriately and cost-effectively as independent and/or supplementary prescribers, in accordance with both legal and the professional requirements of relevant professional bodies ( NMC, HPC, RPSGB)
2. To address the specialist educational needs of nurses, pharmacists and allied health professionals working within specialist areas and with specific client groups.
3. To prepare health care professionals to exercise advanced clinical reasoning, critical thinking and creative problem solving with regard to the unique challenges associated with medicines management among infants, children and young people, the elderly and other specific client groups
Learning Outcomes
1.
Critically analyse a variety of approaches to systematic and holistic assessment and treatment of patient/client need, and demonstrate the ability to appropriately apply these within the context of complex clinical situations.(NMC1&2, HPC 4.3)
2.
Demonstrate the ability to perform appropriate and sometimes complex drug calculations accurately and safely.( NMC 8 HPC 4.5)
3.
Demonstrate a critical analysis and understanding of the use of pharmacological agents in the advanced clinical management of a range of clients groups including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics and developmental pharmacology.( NMC 6 HPC 4.3 & 4.4)
4.
Demonstrate a critical understanding of the factors that underpin safe, appropriate and cost-effective prescribing within complex areas of clinical practice (including pregnancy and lactation, emergency care, disease prevention, long term conditions, drug monitoring, safety, administration and error prevention)(NMC 2&8 HPC 4.3&4.4)
5.
Demonstrate a critical understanding of the factors that underpin safe, appropriate and cost-effective prescribing within complex areas of clinical practice (including pregnancy and lactation, emergency care, disease prevention, long term conditions, drug monitoring, safety, administration and error prevention)(NMC 2&8 HPC 4.3&4.4)
6.
Demonstrate competency in advanced clinical reasoning and decision making during assessment and consultation with patients, parents and carers.(NMC1&2 HPC4.3)
7.
Demonstrate a critical understanding of the legal, professional and ethical issues that underpin effective prescribing practice. (including Botox and related ethical issues, documentation, legal aspects and accountability).(NMC 3&9 HPC 4.8)
8.
Critically appraise, utilize and evaluate sources of information/advice and decision support systems available to facilitate effective prescribing practice.(NMC 4 HPC 4.6)
9.
Critically explore the varied and complex influences that can affect prescribing practice, and demonstrate understanding by managing prescribing practice in a safe, cost-effective and ethical way.( NMC 5 HPC 4.7)
10.
Demonstrate a critical understanding of drug actions, interactions and reactions and be able to analyse and apply this within the complexity of their clinical practice.(NMC 6 HPC 4.4)
11.
Demonstrate a critical understanding of the roles and complexity of the relationships between professionals and others involved in the safe prescribing, supply and administrations of medicines.(NMC 7 HPC 4.1 &4.9)
12.
Demonstrate the ability to critically analyse the theoretical and practical factors which will influence and impact on the context of prescribing practice.( NMC 5 HPC 4.1)
13.
Demonstrate the ability to formulate a clinical management plan appropriate for complex clinical situations within legislative requirements. (NMC 10 HPC 4.2 & 4.10)
Module Content
Outline Syllabus:Clinical Pharmacology including the Effects of Co-morbidity
· Pharmacology including pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics from a developmental perspective.
· Anatomy and physiology as applied to prescribing practice including the unique anatomical and physiological differences in paediatrics.
· Basic principles of drugs to be prescribed – absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion including adverse drug reactions (ADR), interactions and reactions·
· Impact of physiological state in, for example the elderly, young, pregnant or breast feeding women, on drug responses and safety.
· Issues in administration: vehicles, formulations, taste, routes, concordance, excipient use, etc.
· Pharmacology mathematics.
· Error prevention and sources of medicines information.
Consultation, Decision-Making and Therapy including Referral
· Models of consultation.
· Accurate assessment, communication and consultation with patients and their carers.
· Concepts of working diagnosis or best formulation.
· Development of a management plan
· Confirmation of diagnosis – further examination, investigation, referral for diagnosis.
· Prescribe, not to prescribe, non-drug treatment or referral for treatment.
Influences on and Psychology of Prescribing
· Patient demand versus patient need.
· External influences, for example companies/colleagues.
· Patient partnership in medicine-taking including awareness of cultural and ethnic needs.
· Conformance – normalisation of professional prescribing behaviour.
· Achieving shared understanding and negotiating a plan of action.
Prescribing in a Team Context
· National and local guidelines, protocols, policies, decision support systems and formulae (rationale, adherence to and deviation from).
· Understand the role and functions of other team members.
· Documentation, with particular reference to communication between team members including electronic prescribing.
· Auditing, monitoring and evaluating prescribing practice.
· Interface between multiple prescribers and the management of potential conflict.
· Budget/cost effectiveness (including prescription charges, exemptions, components of cost to the NHS/ dispensing fees).
· Issues relating to the ethics of dispensing.
Evidence-based Practice and Clinical Governance in relation to Non-Medical Prescribing
· National and local guidelines, protocols, policies, decision support systems and formulae-rationale, adherence to and deviation from.
· Continuing professional development – role of self and organisation.
· Management of change.
· Risk assessment and risk management, including safe storage, handling and disposal.
· Clinical supervision.
· Reflective practice.
· Critical appraisal skills.
· Auditing and systems monitoring.
· Identifying and reporting ADRs and near misses.
Legal, Policy and Ethical Aspects
· Legal basis, liability and indemnity.
· Legal implications of advice to self-medicate including the use of complementary therapy and “over the counter” (OTC) medicines.
· Safe keeping of prescription pads, action if lost, writing prescriptions and record keeping.
· Awareness and reporting of fraud.
· Drug licensing.
· Yellow card reporting to the Committee of Safety on Medicines (CSM.
· Prescribing in the policy context.
· Manufacturers’ guidance relating to literature, licensing and “off-label” (including the special considerations with regard to off-label and unlicensed drug use in children.
· Ethical basis of intervention.
· Informed consent, with particular reference to client groups in learning disability, mental health, children, the critically ill and emergency situations.
- The ethical, documentation, legal and accountability issues related to the prescribing of botulinum toxin and related products
Professional Accountability and Responsibility
· NMC Code of Professional Conduct and Scope of Professional Practice.
· Accountability and responsibility for assessment, diagnosis and prescribing.
·
Module Overview:
This module focuses on enabling healthcare professionals to prescribe safely, appropriately and cost-effectively as independent and/or supplementary prescribers, working in accordance with the legal and the professional requirements of relevant professional bodies (NMC, HPC, and RPSGB). It addresses the specialist educational needs of nurses, pharmacists and allied health professionals, working within specialist areas and with specific client groups. It helps you to exercise advanced clinical reasoning, critical thinking and creative problem solving with regards to the management of medicines.
This module focuses on enabling healthcare professionals to prescribe safely, appropriately and cost-effectively as independent and/or supplementary prescribers, working in accordance with the legal and the professional requirements of relevant professional bodies (NMC, HPC, and RPSGB). It addresses the specialist educational needs of nurses, pharmacists and allied health professionals, working within specialist areas and with specific client groups. It helps you to exercise advanced clinical reasoning, critical thinking and creative problem solving with regards to the management of medicines.
Additional Information:The clinical experience for this module consists of 12 days (90 hours) of supervised prescribing practice with a designated medical practitioner (pass/fail); a direct observation of practice (DOPP)in prescribing (Pass/fail) and a personal prescribing portfolio (pass/fail). Assessment of clinical practice hours and the DOPP are the responsibility of the designated medical practitioner (i.e. the prescribing supervisor) while the portfolio will be assessed by the module leader. Unless competence is demonstrated in practice credit will not be released.
The module learning outcomes and relevant subject benchmark statements are in line with the QAA framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The module is aligned to the level 7 descriptors for a level 7 Higher Education Qualification.
The module is delivered over one semester.
The criteria for admission is that candidates are currently working as a registered professional in a relevant area of practice. Ideally candidates will have studied at degree level (Level 6) however if this is not the case the applicants skills and professional experience will be discussed to allow the module leader to assess capability to study at level 7.
The final award is a continuing Professional Development - Independent and Supplementary Prescribing.
The students have access to Canvas and the University's other range of electronic support such as access to the module leader through phone contact, e-mails and face to face contact. A module guide is also provided which guides the students to the wider range of support available.
The programme is assessed and run in line with the Academic Framework 2014-2015
http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/eaqs/121984.htm
Attendance is required throughout the module and will be monitored as required by HENW.
Module updated 2015
The methods for improving the quality and standards of learning are as follows:
Annual Monitoring Review
Feedback from the students and boards of study
Reports from external examiner
Ensuring the module reflects the values of the current teaching and learning strategy.
This is a stand alone CPD. An appropriately qualified external examiner is assigned to the module.
Assessments
Centralised Exam
Competency
Essay